Book Report

Black Hawk Down was an exciting thriller of a book about modern war going on in Somalia.  This book was about American troops going into Somalia to protect its people that were not being treated fairly by the Somalian government.  The troops were being sent in because warlords were allowing their people to starve to death. The world had sent food, and the warlords hoarded it. The world had decided to stop this. Today's mission was to invade the Habr Gidr clan that was in Mogadishu Somalia. The clan was led by Mohamed Farrah Aidid, but that day's targets were two of his lieutenants. They were to be arrested and imprisoned with other clan members that had already been captured. At 3:32 P.M. the armada launched. They flew from the coastal airport into the city of Mogadishu. Above the city the men could see the destructions the city had experienced during civil war. Many buildings were demolished and the streets were crumbling. The Black Hawks were down low over the city, and the Little Birds were closing in on the target. Tires burning on the street near the target set alarm. It was a way Somalis signaled trouble and summoned militia. 

When the Little Birds came down people and cars began to scatter. Some people were gesturing eagerly. The Black Hawks would move in next. People began poring into the streets with weapons. Others were building barricades or lighting fires. Most of the soldiers saw Super Six One going down. Chief Warrant Officer Cliff Wolcott was the pilot of the helicopter. The chopper went into a spin. It hit the top of a house before it came to a rest on its side in an alley. Two Americans were able to climb from the crash. 
Super Six Four was asked to fill the downed helicopter's position. On the ground men were moving toward the crash. Some men had not seen the chopper go down and did not understand why they were not leaving yet. 

When darkness fell the amateur Somalis went home. There was less firing but they were more accurate. At the site of the first wreckage as long as the soldiers showed no light there was no shooting. They could here promises to send a rescue team over the radio. A bit before midnight they finally heard them miles away. By midnight they knew the rescue was getting closer. It was nearly one hundred vehicles, tanks, armored personnel carriers, and Humvees. 

The First Computers

Charles Babbage, the father of the original computer was a mechanical engineer who got the original idea for the computer when he tried to invent something for the use of navigation calculations.  Due to the technology being used on this "first computer" it was at least a century ahead of its time.  Parts were made individually for the computer, not a single part came from a factory or anywhere else.  Everything was made completely by hand, especially the hardware of the computer.  Computers nowadays come in pieces and then are put together with each part assembled separately.  Unlike computers today, Babbage put every single part of the computer together himself, each and every part built separately and then combined to create a truly innovationary device used daily by most Americans.  Babbage's son, Henry was truly the first creator of the first computer after compiling his fathers work into a smaller more simplified version of the computer that was far more usable.

However this type of computer was never marketed to the public.  There were several different computers created around this time, one of them being the Manchester Mark 1.  The Manchester Mark 1 was truly the first computer that was ever used all around the world.  It was one of the earliest stored program computers, meaning it was able to hold its own programs and hold its own memory.  The success of this very first computer went smoothly for nine hours on the first day it was released before a problem was encountered.  The IBM 650 was the truly original computer that was produced and sold over two thousand different systems.  The IBM 650 was used commonly among many scientists and engineers everywhere.  It was the first computer to convert special characters from a two decimal code. Without this technology the IBM 650 wouldn't be able to type out words and coding commonly used at the time.  The IBM was created back in 1952 and parts and software were produced for it all the way up until around 1969 when the next model was released as an even better computer that sold even more units.  The pure size of this machine is hard to compare to any computers we have today.  Each system was a set of different machines that took up an incredible amount of space compared to the small compact computers we have today.

13-2

What is the goal of containment?
To keep communism in its own confines and not let it spread.

How is GREECE the first battlefront in the cold war?
Because the Greek communists attacked the Greek government and Britain was forced to step in.

What is the Marshall plan?
European recovery plan which gives European nations American aid to help rebuild economies.

What is the Berlin Airlift?
American French and German areas of Berlin/Germany needed a lot of supplies that had to be airdropped in to the countries with countless amounts of food and water.

What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Orginization. Which is a mutual defense alliance.

What happened in China?
There was a Chinese civil war where the Chinese communists revolted against Chinese nationalist government.

Make a 5 step timeline in Korean War.
1.) 1949 NATO pact signed 

2.) 1950 Korea started to fight South Korea 

3.) June 1950 Truman sends support to South Korean side

4.) January 1951 Chinese step into Korea and peace talks start
5.) 1953 Eisenhower is elected and says he will end Korean War
6.) 1954 Korea and south Korea make a trues

13-1

Comprehension questions, Chapter 13-1
Write on paper, or on blog.

What was the goal for Roosevelt after the war?  What were Soviet goals about Germany?
To promote economic growth by increasing world trade. Soviets wanted to  secure their borders.
What did FDR think was 'key' to world peace?
Economic growth.
What was 'declaration of liberated europe, and how successful was it?'
It asserted the right of all people to choose the form of government they wanted to be under.
How was Germany to be controlled?
It was split in four regions controlled by four different countries. Berlin was also split the same way.
What was Truman's view about how to deal with USSR?
Truman said that we must stand up to the Russians and did exactly that at a meeting.
What is a satellite nation?
The communist countries of Eastern Europe.
What is an 'iron curtain'
The imaginary barrier between the Western and Eastern Europe.

Notes

11-1
Fascism: extreme nationalism
Stalin: ussr dictator who killed many
Hitler: leader of nazi party killed many people
Mein Kampf: hitlers book called my struggle. It outlined his whole plan for total world domination.

Isolationism: staying out of the war

Internationalism: involved in foregin affairs, was Roosevelt wanted

11-2
Anschluss: German takeover of Australia
Sudetenland: ugoslavia
Appeasement: giving in to hitler with things like Anschluss and Sudetenland
Nazi-Soviet Non aggression Pact
Blitzkrieg: lightning war
Dunkirk: major battle where allies lost- port on Coast of France
Battle of Britain: war of bombers and planes

11-3, and 11-4
Kristallnacht: night of the broken glass, start of the holocaust
Holocaust: 6 million Jews and 6 million other minorities were killed. Hitler wanted total power.
Concentration Camps/Extermination Camps
Pearl Harbor

12-1
Liberty Ships
Double V Campaign

12-2
Bataan: where American and Filipino forces surrendered to the Japanese on April 9, 1942. The prisoners had to March 65 miles to a prison camp, and the march was later known as the Bataan death  march.
Doolittle raid: Doolittle was appointed to lead a raid on Tokyo, and he did so by loading 16 b-25s onto an aircraft carrier. This was the first time that a bomb fell on Japan, so it raised American morale and made the Japanese very angry.
Coral SeaCoral Sea: in march of 1942, Americans decoded a Japanese message about a Japanese attack on New Guinea. American sent two carriers that made the Japanese turn around, so Japan was not able to take over the American supply lines to Australia.
Midway: The U.S. intercepted Japan's plan to attack the Midway Islands. Because the U.S. was able to stop Japan in a surprise attack, Japan had to retreat and it was a victory for the U.S.
Erwin Rommel: Commander of the German forces in North America. He was a brilliant leader who had the nickname of "Desert Fox."
Kassarine Pass: Germans defeated the unprepared and outmatched Americans, who suffered 7000 casualities. This resulted Patton's promotion to general, because the old general was fired.
Convoy System: A system where cargo ships traveled in packs, and were escorted by Navy Warships. This helped protect the precious supplies that were being shipped over sea.
Stalingrad: Germany was convinced that if they captured Stalingrad, then they would be able to cut off Russia's resources and destroy their army and economy. Russia held their ground though, so the Germans were not able to capture the city.

12-3
Rosie the Riviter: a character from the popular song by the four vagabonds.she was a symbol of the government campaign that was trying to get more women hired to do jobs that the men at war used to do. 
Zoot suit Riots: teens in California would wear zoot suits which were brightly colored suits, and then older people got very mad about it and told them that they couldn't wear the suits. 2500 servicemen went into a Latino neighbor hood and attacked because of zoot suits.  
Detroit Riots: lots of people were moving to Detroit to try and find work, which caused a mass pile up of people. The riots started with a group of teen girls, and led to a whole city affair. It was mostly caused by racism.
Rationing:there were not enough supplies for everyone in the u.s. As well as all the solders. People were given rationing books to solve this problem, so that everyone could have the necessities, but more than that was not allowed to make sure that there was enough for people overseas.

Victory gardens: This was a way that people got around rationing, because they would just grow their own food. These gardens were a win win for everyone, because they were adding more food into circulation. 

12-4

Strategic bombing: the allies dropped boms on Germany in a strategic manor. They had dropped many tons of explosives on Germany every month for over 3 years. the bombing didn't compleatly destroy Germany, but it did mess up their oil production and railroad system.

Overlord: the allies tricked the Germans into thinking that they were going to attack pas-de-Calais, when they were really going to attack the beaches of Normandy. They did this by planting empty Tents and fake machinery as a decoy.

Island Hopping: going from one island to another, smashing and blasting. Eventually you get places to land huge planes. Island hopping was very helpful to the us troops because the islands became big ports for the next isnakd attack, over and over.

Guadalcanal: battle that was fought in the jungle. The Americans were unprepared for the environment and terrain, and so that was a big obstacle for the troops to overcome.

Kamikaze: Japan's final attempt, where people would fly their planes into American boats and such. This was a horrible but pretty effective tactic. 

12-5
Battle of the Bulge: last major nazi offensive to destroy allies. Hitler wanted to cut off Allies supplies coming in through Belgium, but it didn't work and the Germans had to surrender. The allies had won.
Hiroshima: august 6, 1945, the us dropped the worlds first atomic bomb on the town of Hiroshima in Japan. The explosion killed 90% of the city, but thousands more died from radiation later.
Manhattan Project: the code name for the American project to build an atomic bomb.it was headed by general groves, and once they created a bomb they tested it in New Mexico.

Nuremberg Trials: the trails that were heald to bring nazi war criminals to justice. These were 13 trials that we're carried out charged nazis with crimes against peace and humanity.
UN: United Nations was a international political organization that was formed by Roosevelt to prevent another war. The UN would have a general assembly, where all member nations would get one vote.

Short Essays
Changing role for Women in the War: there were more jobs for women, especially in factory's,
Changing role for African Americans: in factories there were more jobs available, and blacks got equal pay as whites.
Pick a battle in EUROPE as a turning point, and explain why: Stalingrad- major defeat for the Germans.
Pick a battle in PACIFIC as a turning point, and explain why: midway- first Japanese defeat
Pros and Cons of bombing japan.  p. 514.  AND YOUR OPINION: pro- don't have to invade them, but showed that we are powerful. Cons- killed many civilians and we didn't necessarily have to do it.
Why was the US able to fight a war on 2 fronts: because we had so many factories, that we were able to produce a ton of supplies. America wasn't under attack either, so that helped, and we had many allies. 

How did the end of WW1 lead to WW2: treaty of Versailles was a very flawed peace treaty, that was way too harsh on Germany.  It made Germany want to get back at everyone else.

Earth Day Video

"A Fierce Green Fire" is a movie about the environmental movements during the early 20th century.  People finally started to think about how the environment was being affected by all the pollution and things people were doing, we were seemingly destroying ourselves.  The movie showed what people started doing to help the effort to "fix" the world once again.  Things like whaling and the Love Canal which were previously unknown to the public were showed through this film and released into the world.

The True Problem of Whaling

Despite the killing of whales being banned since 1986, around a thousand are still killed each and every year.  The Japanese are the most guilty of the killings and still attempt to continue it even though the species is endangered.  Some species of whales are near extinction because of the hundreds murdered each year.  The only thing that is truly being done to try and save the whales are several conservation groups that are using the money they've raised to send out ships in attempt to scare away the whaling boats.  The government has yet to get involved and still does very little to try and help the dying species.

http://www.nrdc.org/wildlife/whaling.asp

Reliance on Fossil Fuels

Not only the United States, but the entire planet has far too much dependance on fossil fuels which we will not have forever.  Maybe not within a few years, but in the future, we will run totally dry on the fossil fuels that power most cars and tons of other machinery.  Raising gas prices over the years has the potential to harm our economy in a serious way.  The high use of gas in our cars is what is driving the problems of pollution.  Think how often most people fill up their cars, most every couple weeks to a month.  If we don't start changing over to other sources of energy like solar and wind, we may run dry.

http://www.mineralwebs.com/problem-with-fossil-fuels.php

12-2

Nimitz- Commander of the United States Navy in the pacific.  Planned operations against the Japanese using the aircraft carriers that were mostly unharmed from Pearl Harbor.

MacArthur- Commander in the Philippines that lead the troops there to retreat from the Japanese to the Bataan peninsula.

Bataan- the Bataan peninsula was a very rough terrain that the Japanese were not used to. MacArthur was able to hold them off because of the diseases the Japanese caught from the U.S.

Doolittle raid- James Doolittle led 16 B-25 bombers from an aircraft carrier to bomb japan and land in china. This was their first rebellion against Japan after Pearl Harbor.

Coral sea- Americans intercepted the Japanese plan to attack New Guinea.  America sent two aircraft carriers to intercept them.

Midway- Japanese, once again unaware of the intercepted transmissions fell into the Americans trap and launched their aircraft against ours.

Afrika Corps- the German forces in Africa.  Sent by Adolf Hitler. Famous leader General Irwin Rommel

Erwin Rommel- the general of the Afrika Corps. Nicknamed the desert fox because of his success.

El Almein- Battle in which the British forces in Africa forced Rommel and his troops to retreat.

Patton- American forces leader in Africa. Captured the city of Casablanca.

Casablanca- city captured by Patton and the British forces.

Kassarine pass- The battle in which the Americans were outnumbered and out maneuvered and outfought. They suffered 7000 casualties and lost 200 tanks.

Convoy system- cargo ships travelled in groups and we're escorted by navy warships.

Stalingrad- Hitler ordered troops to capture strategic oil fields in the Ukraine and Russia. Stalingrad was the most important of them all.  

Script

The Excellent Adventures of ANGUS 

 This is T.H.E. Radio Station bringing you another segment of “The Excellent Adventures of Angus.” In our last episode, Deshawn Darius stole the forbidden gem from Angus as he tried to drink the elixir of everlasting life. We continue our story today with the epic season finale. 

“Cue Music”

Angus strolls down the open field as he twirls his trusty peacemaker on the lookout for Deshawn and his prize gem. He scans the vast the sun starts to 

set.  In the dark distance he sees the silhouette of his arch-enemy,  warning shots at Angus in preparation for the stand off tomorrow. Angus wakes up and prepares his stallion for the day. He loads his gun and fixes breakfastle. In the distance he can see Deshawn standing on top of the hill admiring the gem. They lock eyes for a moment, knowing that soon one of them will be dead. Deshawn Darius riding a golden stallion. 

At sunrise Deshawn and ANGUS meet at the creek separating the great white north from the desert plane. The two gunman dismount their horses. Angus breaks the silence

ANGUS- "Deshawn, I've been lookin' fur you!"

Deshawn- "I was hoping you would ya dirty yella belly"

ANGUS- "Step away before I shoot you down boy."

DesHawn- "hawn- "you couldn't hit me if you tried" 

ANGUS- "I'd challenge that "

DesHawn- "You'll be dead fore' you hit the ground"

As they stare each other down waiting for one another to make the first move. Angus flinches for his gun, Deshawn then draws and fires so quickly that Angus doesn't even have a chance to touch his peace maker. Angus hits the ground with a dull thud. Deshawn doesn't give even the slightest look towards Angus and his barley unholstered revolver laying next to him.

Angus- "Deshawn," he whispers, "give me back my gem."

Deshawn- "Go to hell ya filthy scumbag"

Deshawn kicks the dry dirt towards Angus

Commercial-

1) Dove soap for women

2) Geico car insurance

Tune in for part two of the season finale tomorrow night, and learn if angus gets his precous gem and saves the world by finding the enchanted conpass and going back in

time to get a light saber to kill maderious.

Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was the very first developmental stages of the worlds first atomic bomb.  The United States were the original pioneers of the atomic bomb along with some help from allies in parts of Europe and Canada.  The name "Manhattan Project" was changed from the original "Development of Substitute Materials" to be slightly more "undercover."  The Manhattan Project employed as many as one hundred and thirty thousand people and cost more than two billion dollars or twenty-six billion dollars in todays money.  The Manhattan Project was one of the most important parts of World War Two because of how the atomic bombs produced through the project were used.  The atomic bomb is most notably used in the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.

The United States were the first ever to start nuclear warfare among the rest of the countries around the world.  The dangers of nuclear bombs are nothing short of scary, especially used in warfare like they were in World War Two. The United States killed over two hundred thousand between the two bombings in the first two months of each, nearly half immediately and the other half from the causes of radiation.  The only ever use of atomic bombs were used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki and to this day it remains as the one and only use of atomic bombs for warfare cases.  The pure immense cost to produce the first atomic bombs came primarily from building factories and producing the fissile materials used to test and produce the bombs.  There were two kinds of bombs produced, one being much like a simple gun type of weapon that fired fissile materials while the other was the typical bomb that is more commonly known, it was normally dropped by planes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project
http://mindblowingscience.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/manhattan-project-nuclear-explosion.jpg
http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/130408120842-hiroshima-bomb-story-top.jpg

Open book test

II Causes (The causes of the great depression were ________, _______, ________)

A overspeculation (Define, how important)

People bet that the market would rise and bought more stock because of it.

B Govt Policy

Foreign companies raised tariffs creating a surplus of food and eventually put farmers into a depression.

C Unstable Econ

There was a very bad and uneven distribution of wealth in America.

1 uneven prosperity.

The top 5% earned 30% of the nations income.

2 overproduction

Farmers had a surplus of food after WWI and this drove down prices.

3 worker issues / farm issues

Farmers were being laid off of work due to the depression and the dust bowl

III Effects

A Poverty

Soup kitchens fed the hungry and hobos lived on trains.

B Society

Artists of the time started to document the horrors of the nation instead of abstract or imaginary art.

C World

Japan leaves L.O.N. and Hitler rises into power.

IV Solutions

A Hoover
Hoover begins building the Hoover Dam and bailed out several banks with government money.

1 Volunteerism

The public works was in a way volunteerism.  They worked for the government to get money.

2 Public Works

The Hoover Dam

3 Hawley Smoot

Raised prices of foreign goods which hurt sales in other countries.  This made farming especially tough to make a profit.

4 RFC

Reconstruction Finance Corporation made loans to banks to help them through the depression

B Roosevelt

Democratic candidate that ran against Hoover and won, he tried anything to save America

1 new deal

Roosevelts plan for getting out of the depression.

a alphabet soup

            example

AAA agricultural Adjustment Administration paid farmers to stop growing

            example

FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation provided insurance on back up deposits to a certain amount

            example

CCC Civilian Conservation Corps helped the unemployed by allowing them to work for a national forest service

            example

SEC Securities and Exchange Commission regulated the stock market.

b Criticsim?

Conservatives believed Roosevelt spend far too much money on the reparation of America. Liberals thought just the opposite

2 2nd new deal

a

Deficit spending-abandoning a balanced budget and borrowing money to pay for things.

b

WPA Works Progress Administration Gave people jobs constructing highways, buildings and parks.
Social Security Act provided security for elderly and unemployed Americans. A lasting effect of the New deals.
Conservatives American Liberty League was a conservative coup against the new deal who thought Roosevelt's plan were violating their rights of person and property.
Unions engaged in sit down strikes were workers stopped working but didn't leave the building in order to keep the company from bring in replacement workers.

c

V Criticicism

B Political Criticism (ex. Came from both the left and right)

A Conservatives

B Liberals (ex: criticised the new deal also. They....)

Wanted more action and spending

Ex: "Share our wealth" clubs

VI Effectiveness

A Changes in US

Changes in US The governments role changed. It became more involved in the lives of everyday Americans because many now worked for the government instead of private companies to build roads and etc.

B Unions

Unions engaged in sit down strikes were workers stopped working but didn't leave the building in order to keep the company from bring in replacement workers.

C Culture

Culture People still had faith in the American system of government. Art changed to be more realist during this era.

VII Conclusion

Douglas Fairbanks

Douglas Fairbanks was a very well known actor, director and producer in the early 1900's and was best known for several of his roles in silent films.  He was also known quite well for his roles in comedies, his personal favorite film to create early on in his career.  Not only was Fairbanks an astounding actor but he was also known for being a businessman who thrived among a small amount of others at this time.  Douglas founded the motion picture academy and even hosted the very first Oscars which took place in 1929.  Fairbanks and his wife were known as royalty among the people of Hollywood and Fairbanks especially was known as the King of Hollywood.  Fairbanks was in and out of royalty as he only lived to be about fifty six years of age. However while he was known, he was known as one of the most famous actors of his time if not the very best.

Letter to Home

To my dearest wife,

     I hope you are doing well at home with my mother. Please take care of her, and tell her I'm fine and still doing well and working very hard in the military. Because of the recent death of the artillery commander I have been promoted out of the trenches, finally.  The trenches were some of the worst experiences of my life.  There was disease everywhere and rats running throughout the trenches eating human flesh. Now instead of sitting in trenches waiting for my feet to rot and the explosions to stop, I seem to endlessly the bomb the German lines to make way for our boys. After we stop our barrage of shells my friends, fellow soldiers, and commanding officers pour over the trench wall usually to their death but some make it to the opposite trench to take care of the remaining Germans. But so far I have only slightly been affected by mustard gas, I was lucky enough to have my mask on in time. But do not worry about me Ill be alright I'm strong ill make it. 

Love,

Commander Killgore

WWI Causes

1)Describe and define the four MAIN causes of WWI.

List and define each, and link to the start of the war.

militarism- The idea that a country should have a strong military force.  Every country began creating a larger army and a bigger military.

alliances- Alliances, or strong bonds were made between countries. When one country went into war basically everyone did.

imperialism-Countries wanted to invade other countries and gain more land and resources.  The invading caused war bringing out the alliances.

nationalism-People had a strong love and passion for their country and would do anything to keep it the way it is, even war.  Nationalism brought out so much emotion that people would fight.

2)What was the spark of war?  Explain it

The assassination of arch-duke Franz Ferdinand in Austria-Hungary caused WWI.  As soon as Serbia and Austria-Hungary got into a war all of the alliances came together creating a world war.

3) Put these in order, and explain, each of the following; include the date. (a,b,c,d)
Lusitania-1915-A boat that carried not only several hundred people but also a lot of weapons secretly, a German U-boat sank it.

Sussex pledge-1916-A french boat sank by Germans

unrestricted sub warfare-January 9th, 1917-German submarines could fire torpedos without letting the other boat know

Zimmerman note- January 16th, 1917-A telegram sent to Mexico from Germany attempting to create an alliance to take down America but was intercepted by the British.

Balfour Declaration

   The Balfour Declaration was an important part of WWI by entrusting the United Kingdom with the Palestine Mandate in 1922.  The goal of the declaration was to keep the Jews safe with "their own country."  The Jews were shocked in 1894 by the Dreyfus Affair in France, this showed that they would no longer be safe from arbitrary semitism in other countries.  However through Zionism, or political maneuvering, the Jewish people believed that they could in a sense create a "Homeland."  Arthur Balfour who was the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1902-1905 and secretary in 1916 worked alongside with several other Zionists to attempt to create this "homeland" in Palestine.

With the help of fellow zionists, Arthur Balfour was able to put through the
Balfour Declaration on November 2, 1917 after going through several drafts.  It took nearly 5 years to be accepted by the League of Nations but once accepted the United Kingdom was under temporary ownership of Palestine.  However the Jews were only safe for so long.  By 1939 The White Paper declared that Great Britain may no longer create a jewish state.  This prevented millions of Jews from being safe of European countries and isolation.  Eventually this caused millions of deaths in the Holocaust because of the lack of safety the Jewish people had.  Without any safety the Jews were stuck where they were and could only attempt to hide for so long before being found and sent away to be put to work or executed.

http://history1900s.about.com/cs/holocaust/p/balfourdeclare.htm 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Balfour